GENESIS 49:19-21. BLESSING GAD, ASHER AND NAPHTALI



8. GAD
Jacob’s eighth son is Gad, and he blessed him with a simple phrase:
(Genesis 49:19) Raiders shall raid Gad, but he shall raid at their heels.

This prophesy has to do with Gad’s name, which is evident to see in Hebrew, but not quite so evident in English. In Hebrew, the blessing has only six words, four of which are related with the verb “Gud”.


The name “Gad” comes from the verb “Gud”, which means “to attack, invade”. The word “Gad” also is translated as “troop”. Jacob’s blessing has to do with being attacked, but it also mentions a counterattack.

Though out history, the Gadites were known for being brave warriors (1 Chr. 5:18).
(1 Chr. 12:8) From the Gadites there went over to David at the stronghold in the wilderness mighty and experienced warriors, expert with shield and spear, whose faces were like the faces of lions and who were swift as gazelles upon the mountains:

This tribe needed to be strong and brave to defend themselves, since they stayed on the other side of the Jordan River, along with the tribes of Reuben and Manasseh. To be more specific, Gad’s territory was Gilead.

As strong and brave as the Gadites were, the reality is that they were in a vulnerable position just by being on the other side of the River, far from their brothers (Judg. 10:8). Out of all the tribes, they were the first ones to be taken by the Assyrians. However the most dangerous vulnerability was not geopolitical, but spiritual…
(1 Chr. 5:25-26) But they broke faith with the God of their fathers, and whored after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them. (26) So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, the spirit of Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and he took them into exile, namely, the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river Gozan, to this day.

They never again came back to their land.

Why did they stay on the other side of the Jordan River, and not live in the Land of Canaan? Because they specifically asked to stay there for the benefit of their livestock. They gave more importance to their business than to their own children. This is what they told Moses:
(Num. 32:4-5) “the land that the LORD struck down before the congregation of Israel, is a land for livestock, and your servants have livestock.” (5) And they said, “If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants for a possession. Do not take us across the Jordan.”

In their blessing, Moses refers to this request of staying outside of the land of Canaan.
(Deu. 33:20-21) And of Gad he said, “Blessed be he who enlarges Gad! Gad crouches like a lion; he tears off arm and scalp. (21) He chose the best of the land for himself, for there a commander’s portion was reserved; and he came with the heads of the people, with Israel he executed the justice of the LORD, and his judgments for Israel.”

The tribe of Gad, along with the tribe of Reuben, requested to “enlarge” the land of Israel, and it was granted to them. As the text says: “they chose the best of the land for themselves”.

The most outstanding leader from this tribe was Jair, who was judge in Israel for 22 years.
(Judg. 10:3-4) After him arose Jair the Gileadite, who judged Israel twenty-two years. (4) And he had thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys, and they had thirty cities, called Havvoth-jair to this day, which are in the land of Gilead. 


9. ASHER

Jacob’s final blessing to Asher was also brief; this is what he said:
(Gen. 49:20) Asher’s food shall be rich, and he shall yield royal delicacies.

The name “Asher” means: fortunate; which in the Bible is also translated as: blessed.

In Jacob’s blessing, it is written that he said that “his food will be rich”, but it literally says: “greasy or full of oil”. This talks about abundance and unction.

Moses’ blessing to the tribe of Asher also talks about oil.
(Deu. 33:24-25) And of Asher he said, “Most blessed of sons be Asher; let him be the favorite of his brothers, and let him dip his foot in oil. (25) Your bars shall be iron and bronze, and as your days, so shall your strength be.

The territory that was assigned to this tribe is found in the coasts of the Mediterranean, which are very fertile. It is no coincidence that most of the oil produced in Israel today comes from that territory. In that area, they also cultivated wheat, with which they fed all of Israel’s people.

What is sad about that tribe is that they never expelled the Canaanites that lived in their land before them. They also didn’t have any recognized leaders. The only one mentioned is the prophet Anna, who spent her life in the Temple, day and night praying and waiting for the Messiah (Luke 2:36-38).


10. NAPHTALI
Jacob’s blessing to Naphtali was the following:
(Gen. 49:21) Naphtali is a doe let loose that bears beautiful fawns.


A doe is a female deer. There are several mentions of the feet of does in the Bible.
(Ps. 18:33) He made my feet like the feet of a deer and set me secure on the heights.

(Hab. 3:19) GOD, the Lord, is my strength; he makes my feet like the deer’s; he makes me tread on my high places. To the choirmaster: with stringed instruments.

Does are so agile with their feet that they can climb difficult and rugged terrains. This allows them to easily climb up to mountain tops.  In fact, the land assigned to the tribe of Naphtali is north of Israel and it is a mountainous region. Also, it is right beside the Sea of Galilee.

Jesus chose this region to live during his ministry.
(Mat. 4:12-16) Now when he heard that John had been arrested, he withdrew into Galilee. (13) And leaving Nazareth he went and lived in Capernaum by the sea, in the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali, (14) so that what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled: (15) “The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles— (16) the people dwelling in darkness have seen a great light, and for those dwelling in the region and shadow of death, on them a light has dawned.”

This was the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophesy (Isa. 9:1-2).

Jacob also told his son Naphtali that “he would bear beautiful words”.
Isaiah prophesied the following (quoted also by Paul in Romans 10:15):
(Isaiah 52:7) How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.”

Moses said it this way:
(Deu. 33:23) And of Naphtali he said, “O Naphtali, sated with favor, and full of the blessing of the LORD, possess the lake and the south.”

Naphtali was beside the Sea of Galilee, which really is a lake. But the idea of them “possessing the lake and the south” probably refers to the commercial route that went through their territory, which was known as “Via Maris”. This route went from Babylon to Egypt, and went through the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. This commercial road helped prosper the region.

Naphtali’s name means “fight”, which turned out to be prophetic. This tribe proved to be people who fought. During the time of the judges, they fought with everything they had, along the tribe of Zebulun.

(Judges 5:18) Zebulun is a people who risked their lives to the death; Naphtali, too, on the heights of the field. 

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