GENESIS 48: BLESSING EPHRAIM AND MANASSEH



In the previous chapter, we saw that Jacob lived seventeen more years, after his reencounter with Joseph (Gen.  47:28). Now in his last days, Jacob got sick, so before something happened Joseph took his two sons before his father so that he could bless them.
(Genesis 48:1-2) After this, Joseph was told, “Behold, your father is ill.” So he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. (2) And it was told to Jacob, “Your son Joseph has come to you.” Then Israel summoned his strength and sat up in bed. 

In the last moments of their lives, people tend to speak of what has been most important in their lives. What came out of Jacob’s heart was about the promise God had made to Abraham and Isaac, and later confirmed to Jacob. That promise consisted in giving the Promised Land to their descendents.
(Gen. 48:3-4) And Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me, (4) and said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will make of you a company of peoples and will give this land to your offspring after you for an everlasting possession.’

Although his entire family was in Egypt, Jacob had not forgotten his birth land. In that moment they were in a foreign land, but he knew that the purpose of his life and of his descendents was not in this place, but in Canaan, the Land God had promised them.

ADOPTING JOSEPH’S SONS
After mentioning the divine promise, Jacob did something that could seem surprising…
(Gen. 48:5-6) And now your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh shall be mine, as Reuben and Simeon are. (6) And the children that you fathered after them shall be yours. They shall be called by the name of their brothers in their inheritance.

What happened in that moment was very important: Jacob adopted Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons. He compares them with Reuben and Simeon, the two sons that were born first. Why did he do this? Joseph’s sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, had been born in Egypt, from an Egyptian mother. But when he adopted them, he was tying them to the destiny of Israel’s family. Besides, he was giving them a higher rank, from grandchildren to sons. The adoption of Joseph’s two oldest sons was part of the double inheritance that he would receive as the firstborn of Jacob’s family. Manasseh and Ephraim would be counted as two of the tribes of Israel.

Joseph made the most out of the visit to his father by asking him to bless his sons. In the beginning, Jacob did not recognize them, since he was losing his sight because of his age, just as it had happened to his father Isaac.
(Gen. 48:8-11) When Israel saw Joseph’s sons, he said, “Who are these?” (9) Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons, whom God has given me here.” And he said, “Bring them to me, please, that I may bless them.” (10) Now the eyes of Israel were dim with age, so that he could not see. So Joseph brought them near him, and he kissed them and embraced them. (11) And Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to see your face; and behold, God has let me see your offspring also.”

As he was getting his sons ready to receive Jacob’s blessing, Joseph placed them before him in their birth order.
(Gen. 48:13) And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near him.


Joseph placed them that way for a reason. The older one has to be on the right hand, and the younger one on the left. But to Joseph’s surprise, Jacob crossed his arms to bless the younger one as the firstborn. Joseph thought that his father had made a mistake since he couldn’t see well, but it was obvious that this had not been a mistake…
(Gen. 48:14-18) And Israel stretched out his right hand and laid it on the head of Ephraim, who was the younger, and his left hand on the head of Manasseh, crossing his hands (for Manasseh was the firstborn). (15) And he blessed Joseph and said, “The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has been my shepherd all my life long to this day, (16) the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the boys; and in them let my name be carried on, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.” (17) When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it displeased him, and he took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head. (18) And Joseph said to his father, “Not this way, my father; since this one is the firstborn, put your right hand on his head.”

Jacob made it clear that when he crossed his hands, he did it on purpose, it was not a mistake.
(Gen. 48:19-20) But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He also shall become a people, and he also shall be great. Nevertheless, his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his offspring shall become a multitude of nations.” (20) So he blessed them that day, saying, “By you Israel will pronounce blessings, saying, ‘God make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh.’” Thus he put Ephraim before Manasseh.

With this blessing, Jacob prophesied about the leadership role that the tribe of Ephraim would have. This tribe grew in power and in number, and had leadership amongst the Israelites. When Israel became two kingdoms, the 10 tribes of the north had for a king someone from the tribe of Ephraim. Since Ephraim received the firstborn blessing, he received the name of Israel. That is why the ten tribes of the north are known in the Bible as the “House of Israel”, and the two tribes of the south, leaded by the tribe of Judah, are known as the “House of Judah” [to study about this further, I suggest you read the study on The Two houses of Israel].

JOSEPH AS A FIRSTBORN
When he adopted Joseph’s two sons and included them as part of the tribes of Israel, Jacob declared that he had chosen Joseph as a firstborn with his right of double inheritance. Jacob needed to make sure that Joseph and his descendents would not stay in Egypt, but eventually come back to the Promised Land, where their divine destiny was.
(Gen. 48:21-22) Then Israel said to Joseph, “Behold, I am about to die, but God will be with you and will bring you again to the land of your fathers. (22) Moreover, I have given to you rather than to your brothers one mountain slope that I took from the hand of the Amorites with my sword and with my bow.”

Jacob spoke these words in a prophetic way, since he had not conquered the land with his sword and bow, but he saw prophetically that his descendents would.



In the next chapter we will see the blessing that Jacob gives to each one of his twelve sons…

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